Construction work will require temporary occupation of private and public properties resulting in a temporary change of land use. Identification of final design should consider existing and surrounding land uses to minimise potential impacts to the ongoing use of land. Consultation and ongoing communication with key stakeholders will be important for the ongoing management of issues.

See Laydown area for more information.

The project design has sought to minimise land acquisition impacts including to State and Local Heritage-listed places by reducing the project footprint at the surface by incorporating tunnels. This has also resulted in underground land and airspace acquisition requirements.

For more information refer to Protection measures overview.

Potential physical impacts to heritage places will be mitigated through the preparation of a Heritage Conservation Management Plan for each heritage listed item/place identified as being potentially affected by the project. The plan(s) will be prepared by a suitably qualified heritage architect/specialist and will form part of the Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP).

See Non-Aboriginal heritage - Impacts and mitigation measures for more information.

Identification of construction laydown areas will consider existing and surrounding land uses to minimise potential impacts to the ongoing use of land. The visual impacts can be significantly mitigated through appropriate screening and management practices as outlined in the CEMP.

Consultation and ongoing communication with key stakeholders will be important in both site selection and ongoing management of issues.

For more information visit About construction.

Monitoring and mitigation strategies will be outlined in the CEMP and will include measures such as limits to hours of operation, physical mitigation of plant, equipment and operations and regular communication with the local community surrounding the site. Construction noise impacts will also decrease as the distance from the construction works is increased.

See Noise and vibration and Air quality - Impacts and mitigation measures for more information.

Construction works will generate higher numbers of vehicle traffic and particularly heavy vehicle movements. It will also necessitate some road closures of local streets and detours which will impact local accessibility.

Road traffic will be appropriately managed and monitored by the contractor through implementation of detailed Traffic Management Plans.

See Traffic and transport - Impacts and mitigation measures for more information.

While the project is exempt from approval under the Planning, Development and Infrastructure Act 2016, the Act requires that replacement trees must be planted for Regulated and Significant Tree removals (2:1 for Regulated Trees, 3:1 for Significant Trees). It is recommended that this replacement rate be adopted at a minimum. The department has also committed to at least a 20% increase in tree canopy cover as a result of the project.

Additionally, the Project Design will retain approximately 100 amenity trees on Anzac Highway and create new areas of community green space with opportunities for increased planting of trees.

See Ecology - Impacts and mitigation measures for more information.

Construction works will impact pedestrian and cycling connections and may impact shared-use paths for periods and will likely impact access to bus and tram stops within the project corridor.

Pedestrian and cyclist detour routes and alternative bus stops and tram services will be identified in the Traffic and Transport Management Plans. It will be important to effectively communicate this information to the surrounding community and public transport users to minimise impacts.

See Traffic and transport - Impacts and mitigation measures for more information.

The Project Design has sought to create spaces in ways that discourage criminal activity, provide natural surveillance opportunities and increase community perceptions of their safety both during construction and operation. This will be achieved through improved lighting within public areas, pedestrian and cyclist accessibility along the corridor and public realm improvements.

See Landscape and visual amenity - Impacts and mitigation measures for more information.

Access to construction sites will be limited through construction zone fencing and screening and managed through the CEMP which will also set out provisions for lighting and security of the construction zones.

Land acquisition, resulting in change of land use.

The Project Design will require the acquisition of 524 properties, see property acquisition for more information.

While these acquisitions will result in a change in land use and character of the locality, any residual land created through the project will be redeveloped or re-purposed at the end of the project. Other public uses and potential relocation of businesses which will assist in offsetting this impact.

Underground land acquisition or airspace acquisition impacting future use of land.

The Project Design has sought to minimise property acquisition wherever possible, however will still require some underground land acquisition to accommodate the tunnels. Airspace acquisition will be necessary to accommodate overhead structures (currently airspace acquisition only covers part of the Hindmarsh Cemetery site).

Various forms of development will continue to be acceptable along the corridor despite the land being altered via underground land or airspace acquisition.

While these acquisitions are likely to have minimal impact on the future use of land, there may be changes to the development assessment pathway and a possible additional requirement of a referral to the Commissioner of Highways, particularly for significant development in close proximity to the tunnels.

Impacts to the character or value of State and Local heritage places due to project infrastructure and realignment of road corridor.

The Project Design has sought to minimise detrimental impacts (specifically demolition) to key heritage places of value to the community, primarily through the alignment of the corridor and the incorporation of tunnels for over half the corridor length.

To manage potential impacts to the character or value of heritage places, consultation with Heritage SA will ensure that the final Project Design is sympathetic to heritage values and to maintain the existing land use and amenity of places. Additionally, the final Detailed Design will be informed by the project’s Urban Design Strategy which will further assist in mitigating potential impacts to heritage places.

See Non-Aboriginal heritage - Impacts and mitigation measures for more information.

Changes to access and new project infrastructure resulting in severance and accessibility issues to existing land uses.

To minimise potential severance and accessibility impacts the new corridor has been positioned to the west of the existing South Road alignment and east-west connectivity at key connector roads has been maintained across the corridor.

The additional green space proposed through the Project Design will also create new opportunities for social interaction and focal places for local communities, for more information visit More than a motorway.

The project has identified opportunities by working with council to improve walking and cycling links and networks along the corridor.

A shared-use path will be provided along the surface road in the open motorway and Southern Tunnels sections of the project, with a new shared-use bridge crossing over the corridor at Pleasant Avenue adjoining Black Forest Primary School, and an additional proposed new share-use path/bridge crossing over the corridor at Walsh Avenue, serving St Bernadette's Primary School.

Operational noise, lighting and air quality impacting on the ongoing use of land, particularly at tunnel portals.

Road surface noise impacts within most areas close to the project corridor are expected to decrease due to reduced overall traffic numbers, diversion of most heavy vehicle traffic to the tunnels and open motorway sections. The use of low-noise generating pavement, noise walls and other treatments will further assist in reducing impacts to the surrounding communities.

See Noise and vibration - Impacts and mitigation measures for more information.

New lighting will be designed and operated in accordance with relevant standards which includes minimising the impacts of illumination on surrounding site occupants.

The ventilation facilities will be designed so that the in-tunnel jet fans and ventilation outlets will be automatically triggered and used to ensure that in-tunnel air quality and external ambient air quality requirements will continue to be met. The ventilation system will be automatically controlled in real-time.

See Air Quality - Impacts and mitigation measures for more information.

Additionally, air quality at some locations may improve with the reduction of heavy vehicle and stop-start traffic on surface roads.

The operational noise, lighting and air quality as a result of the project is not anticipated to negatively impact the current or future use of land within or adjacent to the project corridor.

Visual impact of project infrastructure impacting the future use of land.

The Project Design seeks good urban design outcomes and references the project Urban Design Strategy to mitigate potential visual impacts of the project. The project will likely result in visual enhancements for many sections of the project corridor through urban realm improvements, new green space and well-designed road infrastructure.

See Landscape and visual amenity - Impacts and mitigation measures for more information.

Potential for crime and antisocial activity within project infrastructure due to lack of natural surveillance opportunities during operation.

The project design has sought to create spaces in ways that discourage criminal activity, provide natural surveillance opportunities and increase community perceptions of their safety both during construction and operation. This will be achieved through improved lighting within public areas, pedestrian and cyclist accessibility along the corridor and public realm improvements.

See Landscape and visual amenity - Impacts and mitigation measures for more information.

Tunnel Protection Overlay Code Amendment policy impacting future development.

The Tunnel Protection Overlay Code Amendment will introduce new planning policy that informs the suitability of development and spatially relates to the alignment of the tunnels. The Code Amendment will initially be implemented on an interim basis to prevent inappropriate development during construction works while the Code Amendment is considered by the Minister for Planning.

Protection of the future tunnels from changes in loadings beyond their engineering design limits or intrusion into the Tunnel Exclusion Area (TEA) is essential prior to and during their construction.

Assessment of new development on sites within the Tunnel Protection Overlay will be undertaken on an individual basis, which could enable mitigation of impact through design and placement. The introduction of the Tunnel Protection Overlay may result in changes to the development assessment pathway and include an additional requirement of a referral to the Commissioner of Highways where proposed developments exceed specified thresholds for loadings and/or excavation.

Establishment of temporary laydown areas for TBM storage/construction resulting in temporary change of land use.

Identification of final site selection and design of laydown areas should consider locations where temporary occupation would cause limited impacts to existing and surrounding land uses, such as vacant sites or partial occupation of larger sites to minimise potential impacts to the ongoing use of land. Zoning adjacent to the corridor should be reviewed prior to the redevelopment or re-purposing of residual land or the establishment of green corridors.

Demolition of State and Local Heritage Places.

The Detailed Design of the project should consider options to avoid impact on heritage sites. Where impacts cannot be avoided, the design must consider options to minimise and mitigate impact on heritage.

Establishment of construction infrastructure and temporary laydown areas for TBM storage/construction resulting in visual amenity impacts.

The visual impacts of construction infrastructure and temporary laydown areas will be minimised through appropriate screening and management practices as outlined within the project CEMP.

Site preparation and earthworks resulting in noise and vibration impacts which affect the use of land.

The impacts of construction should be minimised through physical mitigation of plant and equipment. Regular communication about project activities will occur with owners and occupiers of surrounding sites.

Land clearing impacting Regulated, Significant and large amenity trees.

The footprint of the new road corridor will be minimised through detailed design (where possible) to reduce the potential for Regulated, Significant and large amenity tree impacts.

The current Project Design has been developed in this manner to this point.

Impacts to walking and cycling network impacting active transport opportunities and access to bus and tram stops during construction.

Temporary footpaths will be located to maximise user accessibility and connect with the existing footpath network wherever possible and will be designed to ensure safe access for people of all abilities.

Potential for crime and antisocial activity within construction zones due to lack of natural surveillance to the street during construction.

The final layout of construction zones will seek to maximise opportunities for pedestrian activity and natural surveillance.

Land acquisition, resulting in change of land use.

The design footprint should be reduced through the detailed design (where possible) to minimise land acquisition, and in particular, to minimise acquisition of residential and community land.

Impacts to the character or value of State and Local heritage places.

The Detailed Design of the project should consider options to avoid impact on heritage sites. Where impacts cannot be avoided, the design should consider options to minimise and mitigate impacts on heritage places and items.

Operational noise impacts on the ongoing use of land, particularly at tunnel portals.

The Detailed Design of the project should consider the location and appearance of noise treatments, such as noise walls to maximise effectiveness and minimise visual impacts in reference to the project Urban Design Strategy.

Operational lighting impacts on the ongoing use of land.

The Detailed Design of the project should consider the location and appearance of lighting to minimise light spill impacts in reference to the project Urban Design Strategy.

Visual impact of project infrastructure impacting the future use of land.

The Detailed Design of the project should consider incorporating high-quality public realm elements, visually appealing noise walls, and landscaping to assist in screening project infrastructure and enhance visual amenity within the project corridor in reference to the project Urban Design Strategy.

Impacted pedestrian accessibility and connectivity due to project infrastructure.

The Detailed Design of the project should consider incorporating active transport connectivity and infrastructure to assist with active transport opportunities within the project corridor in reference to the project Urban Design Strategy.

Potential for crime and antisocial activity within project infrastructure due to lack of natural surveillance opportunities during operation.

The Detailed Design of the project should consider the design of the public realm elements to improve safety and natural surveillance within the project corridor in reference to the project Urban Design Strategy.

Required

Heritage Places Act 1993

The Heritage Places Act 1993 aims to recognise the importance of and protect South Australia’s heritage places and related objects.

While the majority of T2D Project activities do not require development approval, a range of other statutory approvals will be required to meet legislative requirements and mitigate impacts on the community and the environment, including preserving and enhancing State Heritage-listed places.

Planning, Development and Infrastructure Act 2016

The Planning, Development and Infrastructure Act 2016 regulates development, the use and management of land and buildings and the design and construction of buildings. While the Act is relevant to the project, it does not apply where land is owned by or acquired under Section 20(5) of the Highways Act 1926, except where the development materially affects the heritage value of a State Heritage place or involves tree-damaging activity in relation to a Significant or Regulated Tree not located on land owned by the Commissioner of Highways.

Potentially required

Aboriginal Heritage Act 1988

While the majority of T2D Project activities do not require development approval, a range of other statutory approvals will be required to meet legislative requirements and mitigate impacts on the community and the environment, including protecting aboriginal cultural heritage (Aboriginal Heritage Act 1988).

Landscape South Australia Act 2019

The Landscape South Australia Act 2019 promotes the sustainable and integrated management of the State’s natural resources.

While the majority of T2D Project activities do not require development approval, a range of other statutory approvals will be required to meet legislative requirements and mitigate impacts on the community and the environment, including managing pest plants and animals and preventing land and water                degradation.

Native Vegetation Act 1991

Native Vegetation Regulations 2017

Under the Native Vegetation Act 1991, the clearance of native vegetation in South Australia is subject to assessment, approval and offset.

The Act is applicable for remnant native vegetation impacted by the project, however it is anticipated that vegetation clearance associated with the project would be a permitted type of clearance under Regulation 12(32) of the Native Vegetation Regulations – Works on behalf of the Commissioner of Highways.

Airports Act 1996 (Cth)

The Airports Act 1996 (Cth) establishes the regulatory arrangements applicable to airports on Commonwealth land and includes mechanisms which seek to protect associated aviation activities. The Act is relevant to acts and activities that could impact aviation activities at Adelaide Airport such as the operation of cranes or construction of tall structures.

Airports (Protection of Airspace) Regulations 1996 (Cth)

The Airports (Protection of Airspace) Regulations 1996 declare airspace to be prescribed airspace if it is in the interests of the safety, efficiency or regularity of air transport operations into or out of an airport for the airspace to be protected.

The project may trigger the requirement for an approval for activities that result in intrusions into prescribed airspace (called controlled activities) such as for crane operations or construction of tall structures.

Burial and Cremations Act 2013

The project will require construction in proximity to the perimeter of cemeteries (such as Hindmarsh Cemetery) where burials beyond the property boundaries may have had occurred. If remains are encountered, permits will be obtained in accordance with the Burial and Cremations Act 2013.

Environment Protection Act 1993

The Environment Protection Act 1993 outlines the general environmental duty and compliance with relevant environment protection policies in South Australia. Various EPA approvals, permits and licences will be required for construction activities such as those that seek to undertake prescribed activities of environmental significance.

Not required

Highways Act 1926

The Highways Act 1926 provides for the appointment of a Commissioner of Highways, and to make further and better provision for the construction and maintenance of roads and works. Section 20 of the Act authorises the Commissioner of Highways to acquire land for road construction.

The key function of the Highways Act 1926 with respect to development approvals relates to Section 20(5) and 20(6) which provide exemptions under the Planning, Development and Infrastructure Act 2016 on land acquired by the Commissioner of Highways under Section 20(1)(a) of the Highways Act. Specifically, the exemption under section 20(5) extends to a third-party undertaking activity at the direction of the Commissioner on the acquired land provided that the development activity is within the Commissioner’s powers.

The T2D Project is being undertaken under the powers of the Commissioner of Highways under the Highways Act 1926. The PDI Act does not apply to the land on which the works are proposed.

Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth) (EPBC Act)

The EPBC Act seeks to provide for the protection of the environment, especially those aspects of the environment that are matters of national environmental significance.

Under the EPBC Act, any action that is likely to have a significant impact on a place of national cultural and/or environmental significance must be referred to the Minister for approval. As there are no World Heritage Places, National Heritage Properties or Commonwealth Heritage Places are impacted by the project, it is unlikely that approvals under this Act will be required.

Section 20(1)(a) of the Highways Act 1926 authorises the Commissioner of Highways (Commissioner) to acquire any land or interest for the purposes of roadwork, subject to the approval of the Minister for Infrastructure and Transport (Minister). Section 20B provides that the Commissioner has the power to acquire land ‘in excess of requirements’ where it is deemed to be ‘expedient’ and subject to the approval of the Minister.

The Land Acquisition Act 1969 details South Australia’s land acquisition process and requirements, including notification and compensation. The project has followed the acquisition process outlined by the legislation, which prescribes land can be acquired by agreement or by a compulsory process.

The project has commenced acquisition of the land identified as being required to deliver the current design, however further acquisitions may be identified as required during the Detailed Design process.